Ethical Codes Essay

The increasing dependences on computers for critical infrastructure essentials for the functioning of a society and its economy has given rise to host of ethical, social, and legal issues. As software engineers, it is a bounden duty to design and build software intended for use by a set of individuals for a specified set of purpose, which initiate many issues about consumer’s privacy. Following is the exploration from three constituents. First, websites collect consumer’s private information. Social networks play a vital role in the life of Internet users, and more than a half billion people post vast amounts of information about themselves to share with online friends and colleagues. As more and more people join social networking sites, questions are beginning to surface about the safety of user’s information. A new study has found that the practices of many popular social networking sites typically make that personal information available to companies that track Web users’ browsing habits and allow them to link anonymous browsing habits to specific people. Like most commercial websites, online social networks use third-party tracking sites to learn about the browsing habits of their visitors. Cookies are maintained by a Web browser and contain information that enable tracking sites to build profiles of the websites visited by a user. Each time the user visits a new website, the tracking site can review those cookies and serve up advertisements that might appeal to the user. For example, if the user frequently visits food sites, user might see an advertisement for a new cookbook. With the leakage of this type personal information, there is a significant risk of having one’s identity linked to an inaccurate or misleading browsing profile. Browsing profiles record the websites has been accessed by a particular computer, neither who was using the computer at the time nor why particular sites were chosen. This will lead to a serious problem inaccurate profiling by tracking sites. For example, a site about cancer was visited for curiosity rather than intent, inaccurate profiling would potentially lead to issues with health care coverage, or other areas of our personal lives. The second issue is when a consumer uses a product created by a computer professional. The main concept in engineering ethics is â€Å"professional responsibility†, such as political philosopher Langdon Winner, are critical of the traditional preoccupation of engineering ethics with specific moral dilemmas confronting individuals(Winner, 1990): â€Å"Ethical responsibility†¦ nvolves more than leading a decent, honest, truthful life†¦ And it involves something much more than making wise choice when such choices suddenly, unexpectedly present themselves. Our moral obligations must†¦ include a willingness to engage others in the difficult work of defining the crucial choice that confront technological society†¦ † But unfortunately, with the development of tec hnology and the awakening consciousness of human protection, user privacy is becoming a sensitive issue , after the two giants Google and Apple have stumbled in this regard. Recently, the recognition of the recent HTC phones to collect the user’s data. A user in a system upgrade and found a new CIQ application, the application can access statistics, including the application frequency, GPS location, even after the use of information related to home video cameras, and back to the respective companies. HTC aspects of this incident came to light on the phone today to confirm pre-installed software to collect user information, but all processes are encrypted safe manner. HTC also said in a statement, the company will protect user privacy, commitment to the future equipment and then collect information, the user will be prompted to make a clear choice. Although the company will give customers the utmost assurance of their privacy, why HTC phones collected the user’s data from the beginning? Finally, the employer or company who offers a services. With the rocketing development of Internet, most companies see web services as a platform to become a very profitable business in the near future. In other words, thousands of customers’ private information will be stored in the Internet, which could have serious consequences if a firm lacks the security to protect sensitive information. For example, the most infamous Internet attack occurred this year was the one suffered by Sony. Everything started with the theft of data from PlayStation Network, affecting 77 million users worldwide. Not only was this the biggest data theft ever but the situation was poorly handled by Sony. To make things worse, the stolen data was specially sensitive, including user’s names, billing addresses, email addresses, PlayStation Network IDs, passwords, birthdates, purchase history, credit card numbers, etc. If this was not sufficient enough, Sony Online Entertainment was subject to another attack a few days later, a data theft that affected another 24 million users. In short, the chief man-made cause is deficiency in professional responsibility. If the company built information securi ty system and strengthened individual information protection from the start, which would avert the tragedy from getting worse. In conclusion, the actions involved in carrying out the right and ethical solution to any engineering problem may not be easy, especially in today’s world. But the path that must be taken should be obvious. This type of decision-making comes with experience, but the basic principles can be learned. The work that an engineer does often impacts the lives of countless people. With such a responsibility it is up to them to act in the most ethical, honest and trustworthy manner possible.

Deceptive Advertising Essay

Advertising is considered one of the most important tools of marketing for attracting customers towards the company and increasing the sale of its products and services. Advertising is done in a number of ways, the most effective being the television and print media. Though the main purpose of advertising is to attract customers and increase the profits of a company through increased sales, it has often been regarded as false and misleading. In today’s world a majority of customers are being wary of advertisements since it contains information which is actually false and misleading. Advertisements often promise certain benefits which the products or services when purchased fail to provide to their customers. Such types of advertisements are increasing on a gradual basis and today every ad is being suspected on this ground. These types of advertisements fall under the category of ‘Deceptive Advertisement’. These sort of advertisements make false claims or misleading statements and give their viewers a false impression which instigates them to try the product. People who most frequently use deceptive advertising are retailers and shopkeepers when they advertise for low-price products available in their shop just to get the customers in the shop but fail to produce them when asked for. There are many forms of advertisement which fall under the category of being deceptive. These include false promises, unsubstantiated claims, incomplete descriptions, false testimonials, partial disclosure or visual distortion of products. Deceptive advertisement includes all those ads which induce a person to make a purchase on the basis of false claims and promises about the price and quality of competitive products. The Federal Trade Commission is responsible for enacting laws against unfair and misleading advertisements and punishing the companies involved in the offense (Yeshin, 2005). Deceptive advertisement is not a new concept, instead it was practiced since the beginning of time and the trend is increasing in the business society with the passing time. This has led advertisement to become an ethics issue since it is sometimes being done unintentionally whereas most of the times the intention is to fool the customer in making the purchase through attractive and misleading advertisements. The customers are made to believe that they are getting some great benefits from the product however; this is not so the case after the purchase has been made. Deceptive advertisement is used for targeting customers of all age groups through intelligent marketing tricks and tactics therefore, people need to be aware. Retailers, airlines, weight loss programs, mobile phone warranties are some of the few companies who use this tactic for gaining sales. Such advertisements are illegal and unlawful in the eyes of law and legal action is taken against such companies even if the ad actually fooled the people or not. The overall impression counts in front of law which if false will create legal problems for the company besides its technical truthfulness (Davis, 1994). Consumers are faced daily with countless ads instigating them to try the product due to which they are unable to differentiate between true and false advertisements. People ponder why companies need to make use of false and misleading tactics to attract the customers since truth can also get them enough customers to make high profits. Often companies produce products which have a very low quality and are not competitive so they won’t demand high prices. For making their product sale in the market as a competitive one, they mark down its price and use eye-catching advertisements which mislead the consumers in making the purchase. This doesn’t mean that every other new company or others existing in the market adopt this strategy. Some of the advertisements are based on true and honest information while some others deceive the customers with false information. Educated customers can often see through such false claims but most of them fail to do so and end up wasting their money on deceptive products and services. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the ad must not always entail a purchase for it to be counted as deceptive; just the presence of misleading information or a false claim can demand an action against the company. The commission has taken action and filed lawsuit against many businesses and companies who have been accused for being a part of deceptive advertising. The consumers on watching such ads or after making the purchase can file a complaint against the company and sue them for damages. The FTC is doing along on its behalf for stopping the fraudulent activity by enacting various laws against deceptive advertising (Stern, 2000). The theory states that there are different models of advertising. There are three types of deceptive advertising that are done mostly (Hameroff, 1988). These are: †¢ Fraudulent Advertising which is also termed as ‘outright lie’ where the ad states a lie clearly about the product which is disclosed when the customer makes the purchase and does not finds the benefit promised. †¢ False advertising includes ‘a claim-fact discrepancy’ where all the conditions for receiving a promotion or a prize are not disclosed beforehand. †¢ Misleading advertising also called ‘claim-belief interaction’ where an ad can make people believe about a claim which is not want the product provides. Deceptive advertising mostly consists of three commonly found elements or in other words the representation, omission or practice of deceptive advertisements will be examined from three sides. Firstly, the representation, omission or practice that will likely mislead the consumer such as giving misleading price claims or misrepresenting a product or services orally or in written. One of the most common forms of deceptive advertising is oral misrepresentation and must taken great care of. The Better Business Bureau once stated that an advertisement can be misleading when seen complete though every single sentence treated separately might be true. Secondly, the representation, omission or practice is examined from the eyes of a reasonable consumer or a particular target group like the youth or elderly. This means that the misrepresentation, omission or practice in the advertisement has been introduced in order to attract a particular group of customers. For example, the weight loss programs target the fat people through false and misleading claims of reducing weight in 15 days etc. Thirdly, the representation, omission or practice must be analyzed from the perspective of being a material one. This means that the misrepresentation is a material one if it influences the consumer decision of buying the product or not. The consumer must have decided for something different if he would have not come across the deceptive advertisement (Richards, 1990). Furthermore, internet also falls under the category of deceptive advertisement since most of the websites often collect the personal information of the user without his or her consent. Deception through internet is mostly related to the privacy issues. Some examples of companies who have been cited for deceptive advertising include United Weight Control, Nutri-System, Inc. , The Diet Center, Physician Weight Loss Clinic, Weight Watchers International, Inc. , and Jenny Craig. Action was taken against these companies and they were made to modify their advertising and marketing practices. Not only are these companies held liable for deceptive advertising but also the advertising agencies who participated in designing the advertisement. All others who participated in the creation of deceptive ad are held liable by the law especially the advertising agencies that knew about the deceptive element in the ad but failed to substantiate the claims. Sometimes the producers are also held liable since they know about the true traits of a product and by not raising a voice against the ad means that they are backing the claim. The liable companies are subject to penalties by the law which may be stopping the ad immediately, paying for damages to the customers, correcting the ad or even requiring the company to leave the industry or banning it for a certain time period in extreme cases of deception. Besides Federal Trade Commission, Better Business Bureau and National Advertising Review Council has been also given the responsibility of monitoring the truth in advertisements. Moreover, competitors can be the greatest and most important source for detecting deceptive advertisements in their industry since they serve as watchdogs on their competitors marketing practices. The competitors can sue the company involved in the deceptive advertisement in order to gain market advantages. The customers too can file a complaint against the deceptive ads with the above mentioned organizations who will investigate the accusation (Garza, 2000). A question that comes to our mind is that is there anything which helps in identifying boundary between truth and deception in advertisements. When we see a number of advertisements daily flashing in front of our eyes, it is very difficult for us to pierce through the flash and identify the element of deception in them. This influences us to buy the product and to ultimately find that the benefit promised is not attained or that we have paid much more than what we got. However, if advertisements are watched carefully then consumers can keep an eye out for deception constantly. One should know of the many ways in which advertisers can trick the customers in buying the product they want us to buy. Advertisers usually incorporate into their ads the feelings, reactions and responses of customers which they obtained through tests and surveys in creating advertisements. They use these to trick the customers by including in their advertisements those claims which consumers want the most. There are several things which customers can look for while identifying a boundary between truth and deception in advertisements (Stern, 2000).

Open Ended Questions in Research Essay

Questionnaires and surveys are useful for determining the attitudes, characteristics, profiles, beliefs from a sample of people. In designing a questionnaire that focuses on open ended questions the main concern should be on determining the way the responses will be quantified. Open ended questions are often used in research to clarify closed questions or as a means of generating ideas. In both cases it is generally assumed that the longer and more detailed the response to an open ended question the better (Graziano et al, 2000). However, relatively little is known about the effect of factors such as question wording or questionnaire design on the response to open ended questions. There is a need to ask open ended questions when the researcher desires to probe deeper into a subject area. The use of open ended questions is more common in subjects which are relatively unrehearsed. Open ended questions are also of value, where response cannot be predicted, or maybe to the reduce potential for researcher induced bias. This method makes it possible to explore a range of ideas about a certain issue or topic. Open ended questionnaire questions can be also be quantified but in more indirect way. â€Å"Converting raw, open ended data from large sample sizes into meaningful categories that the researcher can utilize to quantify the results presents a challenge† (Culp, 1998). Several strategies can be used to convert these responses into meaningful information. Using qualitative data analysis software is rapidly becoming feasible. Using software applications that support content analysis and data linking and those that offer advanced linguistic analysis. The content-analysis applications allow an analyst to assess the number of times a participant uses a particular word or phrase in written material or transcribed remarks. By counting the frequency of words and noting the association of certain words, one can categorize themes and concepts. By thus â€Å"quantifying† the qualitative communication, an analyst can associate the resulting information with other quantitative data. A more sophisticated analysis is possible with linguistic analysis, which examines the semantics, syntax, and context of participant’s verbal communications. Linguistic analysis applications help the analyst  identify the key ideas in a text, gain an indication of the relative importance of each idea, and then develop a prediction of a participants attitude and or behavior based on the context of the remarks† (Gale, 2005). The author would also consider scoring qualitative open ended question with coded values. For example expression strong emotional response against an idea could be valued as a 3, while a moderate response could be scored as 2, and a neutral or vague response a 1. Another idea that could be utilized is coding using a Likert type scale based on how overtly strong an idea or opinion is expressed. This method could induce bias if the person doing the interview or scoring the questionnaire has a personal preference in this idea. The research question should not be made known to the person doing the scoring in order to reduce the possibility of bias. The author believes that bias could also be minimized if several individuals do the scoring and the score then be averaged. Summary The topic chosen by this author lends itself well to open ended questions as it solicits responses in terms of attitudes, opinions, and beliefs about the economy. The following open ended questions are an example of questions that might be used in an interview about this topic. †¢How do you feel about the current state of the economy?†¢What do you think caused the recent economic downfall?†¢How has the economy affected your budget?The author would use scoring qualitative open ended question with coded values. For example, strong response could be valued as a 3, while a moderate response could be scored as 2 and a neutral or vague response a 1. The author would then do an analysis of the content based on the categorizations of opinions and attitudes. In a full scale research project, the author would use a mixture of quantitative and qualitative question in order to establish opinions, thoughts, or beliefs on the subject. This would aid in the analysis of attitudes on the topic. The validity of this type of research is only in the accurate analysis of the opinions and attitudes of the participants. References Culp, K. & Pilat, M. (1999). Converting feedback into quantifiable  categories [Electronicversion]. Journal of Extension 37(4). Dilts, R., Grinder, J., Bandler, R., Delozier, J. (1980). The Study of the Structure of SubjectiveExperience, Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Vol I. CA: Meta PublicationsGale, T (2005). Let me count the words: quantifying open ended interactions with customers,Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly Pub 01-Aug-2005, RetrievedMay 3, 2009 fromwww://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-245360/Let-me-count-the-words.htmSmith, R. A. & Davis, S. F. (2007), The Psychologist as Detective. New Jersey: PearsonEducation, Inc. Graziano, Anthony M. & Raulin, Michael L. (2000) Research Methods: A Process ofInquiry. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

How significant was urban life to medieval society Essay

How significant was urban life to medieval society - Essay Example Furthermore, growth in trade and more attention was paid to literacy along with migration from rural areas that reshaped the outlook of cities and towns. The dynamic culture which emerged after urban development in Middle Ages laid down a foundation of development in economy, society, religion, arts and politics. Urban areas in medieval society comprised of small colonies having a very small population as compared to cities and towns of present day. It is also important to note that these medieval cities were also not as civilized as modern cities are today. Territorial expansion, increase in population, development of trade and migration in urban areas are some of the major traits of urbanization in middle ages. Due to increased employment and business opportunities, merchant class emerged as an important social and demographic segment which reshaped overall social hierarchy in mediaeval society. Since earlier social segregation comprised of aristocracy, peasants and clergy, the soc ial hierarchical system had no place for merchants which further lead to migration of merchants to other towns and cities. Earlier residential areas and cities comprised of undersized housing units with very small cover areas with narrow confined streets. It was after the development in trade when requirement of bigger streets for transportation and warehousing increased causing construction of bigger housing units and acquisition of more land leading to expansion in territories. Since urban population was not mainly involved in direct labour, they had more opportunities to pay attention to education which lead to increased in literacy in medieval Europe. This was also precisely the time when new genres and writing styles emerged1. In the late tenth century, many cities and towns were founded followed by settlements of merchants near these areas. The lords of these cities and towns also offered protection to these merchants. Since inhabitants of towns were largely dependent on the l ords for mobility required for trade and continuous food supply from other territories, the groups of merchants and artisans filled this gap of transportation. According to Spielvogel, â€Å"since the townspeople were profiting from the growth of trade and sale of their products, they were willing to pay for the right to make their own laws and govern themselves2†. Therefore, towns began to gain their rights in exchange of certain amount of revenues paid to the King and lords. In addition to that, burghers also obtained charters of liberties from these lords which granted them â€Å"rights to bequeath and sell property, freedom from ,military obligation to the lord, written urban law and right to become a free person after residing a year and a day in a town3†. After gaining rights of governing themselves, another important part of development of medieval society was formation of Guilds. Guilds were formal business associations of merchants, artisans, bankers etc. Thes e institutions were established earlier for religious and social purposes; â€Å"Merchant or craft guilds came slightly later. They arose when guilds dominated by merchants, like the Trinity Guild of Coventry, began to regulate conditions of manufacture and trade4.† Out of all the guilds, merchant and craft guilds are of immense importance as they formed the nucleus of new civil society. These organizations not only provided protection for

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile Research Paper

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market - Research Paper Example This essay "Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market" outlines different tools of advertisement that the BMW and Audi use and their effectiveness.Television has been used a medium of advertisement since its inception. This has been due to the fact that it can reach mass audience quickly. It also offers numerous advantages by offering very powerful impact of the message it carries to numerous audience. This convenience and flexibility is due to the widespread popularity and ease with which it reaches millions of viewers internationally and nationally. With the audio and visual effects television provides and creates a lasting impact of the product being marketed (Philip, 90). With the interaction of color, drama, sight, sound, and motion it ensures that the message conveyed is persuasive and strong. Addition of some tactics and props could also enhance its impact. The Audi and BMW automobiles utilized this form of m arketing due to its impact. In its marketing through television BMW was able to introduce its very own youtube page known as the BMW TV. This site is used to display numerous BMW television ads and driving and racing videos of all the models created by the company. The Audi automobile in contrast focused in film sponsorship so that it could reach out to the television audience focusing around numerous movies (Jean, 24). The movie â€Å"Iron Man 2† had several product placements of the numerous Audi models which included the Audi A8 and R8 Spyder. iii. Complain Generally, both Audi and BMW could have had innovative and different marketing strategies in promoting their brand, through the use of film and youtube pages as forms of television advertising and product placement (Simon, 63). Both strategies seem to have been effective for both companies in reaching out to their greater customer bases and potentially increased their company sales. iv. Results The BMW TV marketing strategy for BMW has been very effective as youtube is one of the most popular social networking website and has allowed the company to reach out to numerous consumers. Through the creation of the unique youtube page it has helped the company have a very strong brand identity in the customer’s perspective. Audi choice of using movies to reach to their television audience was a good strategy. Through the marketing of the cars on film, consumer choices could be affected as the consumers could be persuaded to buy the car brands since the celebrities in t he movies could be seen to own one of their own. This is an effective and efficient

Google or Comcast Antitrust Investigation Essay

Google or Comcast Antitrust Investigation - Essay Example Google was accused of competing unfairly by introducing applications that were only compatible with their products. Google was also accused of colluding with Internet Service Providers. Most providers were proving the search engine as the default application, something that was considered as favoritism. The accusations did not go well with some of the industry players who felt that Google was engaging in unfair competition. Critics argued that the move was to eliminate smaller firms that did not have sufficient resources. However, the stakeholders of the two companies refuted the claims by arguing that the two organizations were in a different line of operation. The anxiety ignited the need for US department Justice to start an investigation to investigate the company for antitrust behavior. The strategic alliance between Google and other software companies was considered to be a formation of a powerful monopoly. Consequently consumer feared that the companies will introduce monopoly pricing where they could control price fixing since they had the market power (The Guardian, 2015). Consequently, Google was summoned by the European Commission for behaving like a monopoly in the Android engine market. It was alleged that Google was taking advantage of the significant market share to isolate other application developers. The case of Google was not different from that of Microsoft that was once fined a considerable amount of money by incorporating Internet Explorer with its operating system.

Risk Managment Plan Component Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Managment Plan Component - Assignment Example There are some information risk controls that are designed through other policies and plans. These controls apply to all information, whether in electronic, paper, portable devices or in other forms, to ensure the Flayton Electronics information related risk is managed appropriately. (b) All employees of any entity within paragraph (a) above; for the purposes of this document, "employees" includes employees, agency workers, consultants and contractors, irrespective of their location, function, grade or standing. * such entities are likely to be property owning vehicles with a related Flayton Electronics loan which is in default and where Flayton Electronics has current and unilateral enforcement rights but does not have legal ownership/control. The principles stated in the Company IRM Policy are elaborated in this Company IRM Plan document. Where the policy document states ‘what’ principles must be followed, this plan indicates ‘how’ the controls must be implemented. All Flayton Electronics businesses are required to implement this Plan, but may extend (add) requirements if appropriate. This section of the Company IRM plans, aims to set out the minimum baseline plans which apply to the classification and handling of information assets, in all formats or media, created or received by Flayton Electronics (or on its behalf) in the performance of business activities. Information Classification is the process of identifying and classifying information assets to ensure that they are handled, distributed, stored and disposed of in accordance with their criticality and sensitivity. A failure to classify and handle information assets correctly could lead to potential data leakage events and ultimately regulatory fines, reputational and financial damage (Wood-Harper and Avison, 1990). Businesses must educate employees on how to use the Flayton Electronics classification scheme to

The Law of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Law of Tort - Essay Example This duty applies not only to accountants but also to surveyor’s valuers, actualists and any other professionals whose advice may be formerly sought concerning business transactions or any other action requiring their expertise. After this landmark case, Hedley Byrne and Co v Heller and Partners [1964] AC 465 case, set the legal precedence for future actions and the rules entitling the claims for negligent misstatements. In this case, it was decided that there must be a special relationship, between the two parties, which is based on the professional skills and judgment of the defendant and reliance on these by the plaintiff. According to Hedley, a special or fiducially relationship would have to be proven before the duty of care could be recognized, thus, the advisor must have special skills which the client relied on in the transactions (Morgan 2009). In Edwin Evans and Sons [1982] QB 438 a valuer neglected to sufficiently carry out the survey of a house and the costs of repairs for this house were more than the properties’ value the court determined there was indeed a breach of duty since the surveyors professional advice had resulted in losses for the client (Heining 2012). This is because legally, the document of a contract implies obligations on both parties, in this case, the surveyor was paid, thus the client fulfilled his side but in their doing substandard work, they violated the contract opening themselves to action (Gergen 2011). Hence, the advising individual must be in possession of special skills in relation to the nature of they advise give, for instance, if one is to advice on road construction, they must be a licensed civil engineer and this must be proven before the duties can come into effect. In instances where one give advice in the professional capacity or has the recipient of the advice, believe they are in possession of expertise in the relevant field, they will be held responsible for any resultant losses, or detriments in property value (Gergen 2011).  Ã‚  

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary - Assignment Example It had also adopted ‘active industrial policies’ that lured foreign investment in exchange of knowledge transfer. Another important element of its success has been its proximity to Hong Kong where inflow of capital and know how was easy. By focusing on backward areas that were near Hong Kong, it introduced reallocation of labor from agriculture to other activities. The local government and entrepreneurs were given incentives to introduce reforms. The reforms and industrial revolution was accompanied by high quality low waged human skill and infrastructure that was able to mass produce. China has not followed the traditional western culture of best practices but has concentrated on improved performance through incentive driven approach, especially during transition period of growth and development. Indeed, while China lacks in freedom, the billion plus population is high growth market for foreign investment. It has introduced fresh reforms to incorporate the concern regar ding environment concern, human rights and more conducive environment for foreign business. This is a way to declare that its growth is not merely a bubble with short life span. Reference Case study: Understanding a Development Miracle: China.

Spyware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Spyware - Essay Example In this scenario, spyware is one of the most crucial security threats that has caused serious challenges for the business organizations and individuals. Basically, spyware consists of a wide variety of programs that an attacker uses to observe a computer users actions, get facts and information regarding the user, and store this data in order that they can use it for conducting illegal activities. The research has shown that the major target of spyware remains the internet community (Ames, 2004). This report presents a detailed analysis of spyware applications. The basic purpose of this research is to present an overview of spyware, its types, its working and some of the countermeasures. Computer owners are confronting with such a mounting threat that is considered to be the leading one, known as spyware (Reuters, Feb. 9, 2004). Its predominance was evident by the National Cyber Security Alliance who anticipated that it is about 90 percent of PCs with internet connections being affected by spyware. Moreover, a Web Sense Survey in 2004 proposed the spyware problem to be majorly manifested in IT companies (92%, according to the estimation) as claimed by their managers. It is the biggest dilemma that most of the internet users don’t even find about the induction of any spyware application until and unless it has already been installed on their PCs. Spyware is sort of a secreted character that is difficult to find. Although most users have understanding about spyware effects such as PCs being sluggish, strange search outcomes and fronting more pop-up ads but it could be dangerous because of its secret nature. In the late 1990s, software programs were being used m uch for getting info about the end-users. And in early 2000s, the Dot-com buzz made its usage more rampant. Generally, spyware is such a software that is used to get the information about the customers illegally and convey that info to the third-party while it pretends to be the data sensors. It creates

Discussion board week 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion board week 2 - Assignment Example gists who keep abreast with the emerging technology trends to remain flexible and to take advantage of unforeseen developments in technology (Steers, 2010). Innovation is another problem facing most organizations today. In order to meet customer needs and specifications organizations today need to invest in innovation (Barret, 2005). They are eager to create advanced cultures in innovation. The management may analyze competition and use innovation processes to satisfy customers while maintaining the company’s mission, goals, and objectives. Uncertainty in supply driven by the changes in commodity prices, disruptions in weather changes, increased costs of raw materials and competition makes supply planning more challenging (Stecher, 2004). The solution to this problem is having proper pricing strategies and developing a supply chain strategy that minimizes supply of commodities and that which ensures the lowest costs. Globalization is another challenge that organizations face. It is important to understand foreign cultures to penetrate new markets. In addition, organizations need to penetrate new markets with existing products and designing products and services for customers who are new (Galliers, 2003). Have proper channel designs that ensure that products are available for consumption. Organizations need to understand new markets and cultures by effective planning, and managing cultural differences in order to be successful globally. Organizations face challenges from government policies and regulations from different countries. Increased costs due to the payment of taxes that are ever changing. Some governments have put barriers on some products, therefore making it difficult to conduct business. Managers need to understand the policies put by the government before conducting

Women of Jazz Essay Example for Free

Women of Jazz Essay I interviewed a girl that lives close to me. She explained her high school story to me, involving friends, family, peers, bullies, and boys. The interview was done as if it were only 2 people talking because I didn’t want her to feel any pressure. She explained what it was like going through puberty by herself, without the help of anyone. How the first two years of high school were and how she disliked it. How after she came back from her summer after sophomore year, she had no problems with anyone and explained how she had a boyfriend for a while. The girl I interviewed relates to plenty of topics that were discussed in the class like, self-esteem, peers, popularity, groups, bullies, family and sexuality. I interviewed an adolescent that lived very close to me. She is a senior in High School, getting ready for Prom and all the fun senior privileges she is able to do. She is a regular girl going through a regular life in High School. She does well in school, never got in trouble. The way I interviewed her, was not based on a question and answer type of an interview. I listened to what she had to tell me about her life. She talked about friends, family, school, and boys. She started off telling me about how she dealt with going through puberty; she said that she went through it alone. When she first received her period, she figured out everything herself without having her mom’s or doctor’s help. This shows a sense of autonomy and how she expressed a sense of independence where she figured out what was going on with her body by using sources like the internet. She then mentioned her struggled with her weight. She told me that she wanted to be skinny like all of the other girls at school, and the women she saw in magazines and T. V. shows. She tried to starve herself to get skinny and ended up in the hospital. She then decided to lose weight more efficiently by eating healthy and working out. She made social comparisons about herself to the other girls in her high school and the women she idolized in magazines and T. V. shows. She then talked about the beginning of high school and how she only had a very few handful of friends, mostly tended to be girls. This is due to â€Å"The Sex Cleavage†; girls hang out with girls and boys, with boys (Feldman, 2008). But as adolescents get older, hormones kick in and they being to find the opposite sex attractive and want to be friends with the opposite sex. She went on talking about the popular kids mostly guys that would make fun of her because she was not part of their clique or not cool enough to be their friends. As an adolescent, friends are a very important to have. But she had to deal with male that were not trying to be her friend, but were bullies towards her which lowered her self-esteem even more (Feldman, 2008). They bullied her because she was not popular; this type of an adolescent is referred to as â€Å"rejected adolescent† (Feldman, 2008). A rejected adolescent is someone that has very few friends, doesn’t really engage in social activities and more likely to feel lonely. Bullying is a common experience for many children and adolescents. Surveys indicate that as many as half of all children are bullied at some time during their school years, and at least 10% are bullied on a regular basis (Feldman, 2008). She told me that when she went back to school for her junior year, no body made fun of her. She explained it as if she had â€Å"blossomed† and that’s why no one made fun of her. She seemed please when she told me. This type of an adolescent if known to be a â€Å"popular adolescent†, these adolescence have more friends, are liked by most people and don’t feel lonely at all due to the fact they have a lot of friends (Feldman, 2008). She hadn’t had a problem until her beginning of senior year. There were two rumors that were spread around the high school about her. These two rumors did not affect her she stated while telling the event. Her new popularity status gave her the confidence boost to not let the rumors affect her and not bring her down. She discovered her identity, and embraced it. She then on went about her family. She grew up in a strict family home were her parents were not born in America, but from Poland like myself. She said that they were very strict with what she could and could not do. She had a strict curfew also, she was basically locked up and was not allowed to do things her friends could do. They were using an Authoritarian parenting style (Feldman, 2008). Their relationship with a child is where the parent’s word is law. Authoritarian parents do not engage in discussions with their teen and family rules and standards are not debated. But when she turned 18 they gave her more freedom, she was allowed to stay out later, go to parties, and do pretty much what her friends did. This type of parenting style is known as â€Å"Authoritative†, were the parents and somewhat strict, but let the adolescent have a sense of independence (Feldman, 2008). Authoritative parents engage in discussions and debates with their adolescent, although ultimate responsibility reside with the parent (Kroger, 2004). Research demonstrates that adolescents of authoritative parents learn how to negotiate and engage in discussions. They understand that their opinions are valued. As a result, they are more likely to be socially competent, responsible, and autonomous Authoritarian parents believe the adolescent should accept, without question, the rules and practices that they establish (Kroger, 2004). Research reveals that adolescents of authoritarian parents learn that following parental rules and listening to strict discipline is valued over independent behavior. As a result, adolescents may become rebellious or dependent. The adolescence which becomes rebellious might display aggressive behaviors. Adolescents who are more submissive tend to remain dependent on their parents (Kroger, 2004). She talked about her friends and how she didn’t have any problems with them. She stayed friends with the people that had the same interests as her and hadn’t changed her friends throughout high school. She was part of her own crowd that did not do any illegal or violent things to themselves or other people. She went on talking about how other kids were acting, doing drugs, and having sex, drinking alcohol, doing everything they can just to make them seem like their cool doing these â€Å"adult† things. Adolescence always wants to try to be like their peers . During adolescence, they are looking for ways to separate from their families and begin to define themselves as individuals. To define their individualism, they turn to friends for guidance and direction (Kroger, 2004). They tend to mimic their peer’s behaviors and take up the same attitudes. Conforming to social norms helps them redefine themselves while earning them acceptance and approval. For adolescence, fitting in to the crown makes them feels good and wanted by someone other than their parents (Kroger, 2004). The final topic which she brought up was her sexuality. She had only one boyfriend, the summer after her sophomore year up until the spring of junior year. She said that they were in love and both were happy with one another, but then school got in the way so they broke up. She went through depression and did end up hurting herself. She had her parents to help her through it. She told me that they will always have a special connection whenever their together because they â€Å"love† each other. She had a type of â€Å"bonding† on this boy. She also mentioned that she was also sexually active. She was part of the 80% of adolescence having sex before being 20 years old (Feldman, 2008). She made her way through Sternberg’s theory of love up to â€Å"passion†, but didn’t reach commitment due to the fact that they broke up. She hadn’t mentioned sexual orientation, but made a comment of experimenting at a party once. She also falls into the 10% of girls experimenting with the same sex (Feldman, 2008). From my interview, it showed that an average adolescent does interact with the problems learned in class. She had self-esteem issues, strict parents, being bullied and not fitting in with the popular crowd. From the outside, a stranger would think that there would have been nothing ever wrong with her, but talking about her made me think if I was the same way during high school. Makes me wonder did I go through the same problems. My interview helped me understand more about adolescence and how they go about their lives as adolescence.

The Issue Of The Tattooed Soldier Novel Film Studies Essay

The Issue Of The Tattooed Soldier Novel Film Studies Essay He also brings out the theme of manipulation of humankind, which is observed in the course of the narrative. Tobar also puts forth the argument that manipulation of masses carried out by the guerrillas result in individuals leading a destructive life in future (Tobar 14). This argument is supported through the development of the protagonist Longoria, as will be observed in the analysis. ANALYSIS Brief Analysis of the Novel The story of the Tattooed Soldier begins as a love story and incorporates painful and passionate narrative of the lives of two protagonists, Guillermo Longoria and Antonio Bernal (Tobar 15). In this novel, the author, Hector Tobar tries to bring out different themes as concerns the story of these two but the main theme that he uses and brings to light is that of manipulation. Manipulation can be defined as that behavior used by an individuals to get what they want without paying attention to other individuals feelings while getting it (Tobar 25). It can also be defined as utilizing and understanding any means necessary in acquiring what one wants or desires to have (Ibid 26). The Tattooed Soldier is a novel having the theme of emotional manipulation, whereby one of the protagonists, Longoria, experiences it as part of his recruitment in the guerrilla army. Tobar also investigates the consequences as well as influences of this type of manipulation through the protagonists, revealing the nature of how each character develops in the course of the narrative (Tobar 35). The Tattooed Soldier explores emotional manipulation by concentrating on the happenings of the Guatemalan Civil War together with the Los Angeles riots which took place in 1993 (Ibid 36). It is not always easy to recognize manipulation or when one is being manipulated as is seen with Longorias character. Once a peasant, he was recruited into the guerrilla army as a teenager, with the promise of paradise full of easy credit, free seed and free land (Tobar 41). This was the ideology given during training sessions meant for Guatemalan officers based at the U. S. Army base. Emotional manipulation is also witnessed with Antonio, who being a Guatemalan citizen, lives in fear of his life from the guerrilla army personnel. The guerrillas had mastered the art of manipulation by making the people live in pure terror; they exhibited this through bombings, kidnapping the rich and killing suspected informers (Tobar 47). Because of this fear and manipulation by the government, Antonio was forced to flee from his native land upon discovering that him and his family had been suspected of being informers and were being hunted down. Manipulation comes in many forms for instance, through aggressive demands or expectations, neglect, punishment, insults or causing terror to the intended victim (Tobar 58). There are also consequences as a result of being manipulated as indicated by the author through his protagonists. It attacks the very being of an individual leaving them untrusting, unworthy as well as emotionally needy (Ibid 61). This can be seen in Antonio more than in Longoria as he tries to survive in the streets of Los Angeles where he has become a refuge. Antonio feels untrusting and develops an overwhelming emotional need to take vengeance for the murder of his family (Tobar 66). He also feels manipulated by his government in that instead of protecting its citizens during the Civil War as it said it would, the government turns its back on them and instead hunts anyone suspected of being an informer (Tobar 73). According to Tobar as he indicates in this novel, manipulation also causes individuals to change inwardly and not for the best. As is with Antonios case who was once a naà ¯ve and peace-loving individual, his characteristic changed to that of being a vengeful, ruthless man who wanted nothing but justice, however possible, for what had been done to him (Tobar 86). An Overview of the Theme The Tattooed Soldier is a novel about love, war and poverty, all brought out in the course of the narrative. However, the main theme portrayed by Tobar is that of manipulation of mankind. During the training of the Guatemalan army members at the United States Army base, ideologies were offered to these peasants who were soon-to-be soldiers of the Guatemalan army (Tobar 112). These individuals were promised a paradise of easy credit, free land and free seed and by this; the peasants were connected to the guerrillas, keeping the Communist movement intact. Guatemalan army took advantage of innocent citizen by creating fear and terror within them. For instance, they would kidnap rich individuals, murder anyone suspected of being an informer and bombed cafes (Ibid 117). As a result, the lives of the Guatemalan citizens are left destroyed with their emotions, thoughts and feelings inclining towards the negative attitude as concerns the US government and the Guatemalan Army. In addition, Hector Tobar investigates the consequences because of the Guatemalan citizens being manipulated by the guerrillas through his protagonists. Antonio is set on finding justice and revenge due to the murder of his wife and son and his quest for this is set against the Los Angeles chaotic riots, which were also taking place (Tobar 124). Los Angeles is portrayed as a city full of gang members and participation in disorderly conducts where poverty reigns. The conflicts and riots, which arise during this time, are as a result of Guatemalan refugees and citizens feeling manipulated and taken advantage of by the United States government (Ibid 126). It this novel was merely about a screed against the American imperialism, it would easily have been forgotten. But instead, it brings to light the evil that mankind has to undergo in the name of finding justice and survival (Tobar 131). The theme of manipulation of mankind has been observed in a number of instances within the narrative. For instance, being a poetic naà ¯ve individual, Antonio falls in love Elena, who is a fellow university student but is forced to flee their Guatemalan homeland as a result of becoming targets of the government (Ibid 137). As stated earlier on, the government guerillas engaged in kidnapping and murdering suspected informers and Antonio together with his family became one of these suspects. Manipulation is brought out in this instance in that the reader is made to observe the fact that Guatemalan citizens lived in total terror and fear and were aware that they did not possess any freedom of movement or speech (Tobar 140). They lived in fear of being killed at any particular time. Antonio and his family become suspected of being student agitators. Another side to the theme that is portrayed in the novel is that of unemployment. During this particular setting, Los Angeles was apparently divided into two classes, that is, the high class and the low class (Tobar 141). Those of the high class status would find employment with ease and lead comfortable lives while those of the lower class status would bounce from one menial job to the next, as was in the case of Antonio (Ibid 143). After fleeing to Los Angeles, Antonio became schizophrenic, homeless and lived amongst junkies who used to steal food for him. On the other hand, when Longoria came to Los Angeles, life for him was apparently easier as compared to Antonios. This can be attributed to the fact that he was one of the members of the elite units within the Guatemalan army, therefore enabling him to have special privileges (Tobar 157). This fact angers Antonio who makes the observation that Longoria is able to move freely within the United States without much obstruction. Additional theme to the narrative by the author The author of The Tattooed Soldier is also arguing about racial discrimination though this is a minor theme as compared to that of manipulation of mankind. The chaotic riots taking place in Los Angeles during the time that Antonio was stalking and plotting against Longoria were because of the Rodney King trial. Rodney King was an African-American individual who was a victim of police brutality by LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) in 1991 (Tobar 163). The problem began when Rodneys car was spotted speeding beyond the Californian speed limit on their way from a friends house in Los Angeles, where they had spent the night drinking and watching a baseball game (Ibid 164 ). His car was flagged down by traffic police and once they ordered him out of the car, the four police officers pounced on him with batons, beating him repeatedly while he was on the ground. While LAPD suggested that these officers were acting in self-defense as a way of restraining Rodney, the rest of the African-Ame rican society perceived it to be a racial discrimination act of violence (Tobar 167). As a result, Rodney suffered internal injuries and a fractured skull. In the course of the investigation, another trial took place involving a Korean American who was to be sentenced because of shooting dead a young African-American woman (Tobar 174). The individual was handed a lenient sentence and this further increased racial tensions in the city of Los Angeles. In 1992, the year when the narrative involving Antonio and Longoria is set, the four officers involved in the Rodney case were cleared of any accusation of assault (Ibid 185). This was the cause of the riots during that particular time. Antonio, being a naà ¯ve, average class citizen of Guatemala was taken advantage of by the government and forced to flee his native land. Once in Los Angeles, he became a victim of racial discrimination in that he could not easily find employment or a decent place to stay due to his ethnic background (Tobar 231). This factor was further fueled by the happenings in Los Angeles as a result of the Rodney King trial. Elements of the Text supporting the Authors argument The Tattooed Soldier is a captivating novel which provokes its readers to re-think about their ideas and understanding as concerns homeless immigrants in the city of Los Angeles as well as the victimized individuals in Guatemala (Tobar 239). Antonio and Longoria are faced with the issues of class structure and ethnicity in the settings portrayed in the narrative. Military strategies, human rights violations, emotional and personal conflicts and refugee undertones are all incorporated in this powerful novel making the narrative easy to relate with (Ibid 242). Certain elements of the text support Tobars argument concerning the themes of the narrative. For instance, the setting of the narrative is during the time when a major trial involving an African-American individual and the Los Angeles Police Department was taking place (Tobar 248). At the same time, majority of Guatemalan citizens were fleeing their country due to the guerrillas kidnapping, bombing and killing them on suspicion o f being informers and instigators. Circumstances surrounding the events prompt and manipulate Antonio into desiring to take revenge and readers observe the change in his characteristic from that of being a naà ¯ve, peace loving individual to that of being a rage driven individual full of vengeance (Tobar 253). Revenge becomes the sole reason and purpose for his quest to continue living and surviving. As part of the few elements introduced to support the authors arguments as concerns the themes, the readers are introduced to another character, Frank, who happens to be a homeless African-American (Ibid 259). Frank befriends Antonio who also finds himself in the state of being homeless in the streets of Los Angeles. Together, they move from one camp to the next, and after spotting Longoria in one of the camps, Antonio requests Frank to help him get his revenge (Tobar 260). At the beginning, Frank is hesitant as to assisting him in his quest but on mentioning that Longoria can be compared to Nazi, only a modern day vers ion of one, he does not think twice. Frank is also in a position to relate with current happenings during that period since he also happens to be of a minority group, living in a city where there exists racial tension and manipulation (Ibid 263). Moreover, the setting of the narrative is of two distinct yet similar scenarios, which are intertwined by the protagonists, Antonio and Longoria. Guatemala and Los Angeles are both depicted as being peaceful to begin with but ending up in chaos as a result of civil war and racial tension caused by the Rodney King trail, respectively (Tobar 256). Being citizens of Guatemala but hailing from different backgrounds, Antonio and Longoria find themselves in the city of Los Angeles in an attempt to escape from their painful memories. Here, they are brought together under different circumstances into the same plot of the narrative and the reader observes how each of the protagonists reacts to their present situation (Tobar 254). This new environment does not change the characteristic of either of them and they do their best to adapt to their surroundings. Both Antonio and Longoria are seen to migrate from one camp to the next but the difference is that Longoria is able to enjoy certain privi leges bestowed upon him due to the nature of his rank (Ibid 265). On the other hand, Antonio is left to fend for himself and try surviving whichever way he can since he does not enjoy the same privileges. The Los Angeles riots provoke the protagonists to become more emotional and are reminded of their past memories. For instance, once the riots begin, Antonio finds an inner resolve as a result of being swept up in the emotion, pushing him to seek justice by proceeding to kill Longoria (Tobar 270). Longoria also finds himself in an emotional turmoil after being confronted by Guatemalan refugees who recognized him for who he is and demanded answers to his actions while living in Guatemala. The general setting of the story is in the years 1991 and 1992 when Guatemalan civil war and the Los Angeles riots took place (Ibid 272). The story is also set in two distinct cities, Los Angeles, being a large urban area and Guatemala, being a middle class, small area. These two cities however, share a similar scenario in that they are both set during harsh economic times (Tobar 275). This has an overall impact on the protagonists who find themselves caught up in the occurrences of that particular pe riod. Even though they do not change their identity despite the environments they find themselves in, their attitudes and emotional status are greatly influenced by the surrounding circumstances (Tobar 276). The design or plot of the narrative in The Tattooed Soldier follows a pattern that enables the reader to understand the humanity of war. The narrative begins with a love story of Antonio and Elena, proceeds with her and her sons brutal execution by the guerrillas, one of whom is Longoria and ends with a street murder at the height of Rodney King riots in Los Angeles (Tobar 279). The author of The Tattooed Soldier leaves the readers greatly uncentered in that he depicts Antonio and Longoria as victims facing the same challenging situation in Los Angeles. This in turn leads the readers to setting aside their perceived hatred towards Longoria and instead makes them empathize with both protagonists (Ibid 283). CONCLUSION Hector Tobar writes the novel The Tattooed Soldier with the aim of looking at issues facing the society as a whole for instance issues related to class structure and ethnicity. Victimized individuals in Guatemala as well as homeless immigrants living in Los Angeles are brought to light and this enables the readers to put aside their differences and hatred for a moment and instead focus on experiencing mutual humanity. WORK CITED Tobar, Hector. The Tattooed Soldier. Delphinium Books. University of Texas. 1998. p. 25 307.

The Turning Points In Three Stories English Literature Essay

The Turning Points In Three Stories English Literature Essay One of the most important aspects of a story lies in the dynamic interactions of the different characters in it. Specially, it is on the main character that the story mainly revolves around and thus, it has the power to direct readers attentions. The main character of a story is called protagonist and there can be more than one main character in a story. The things happen to the main character, the way they are being reacted and the consequences or effects they bring are important factors for drawing readers attentions. Katherine Anne Porter, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Zora Neale Hurston on their stories The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, Young Goodman Brown and Sweat are able to take their readers all the way down to the end by wounding the protagonists vanities through breaking what they value most: promise, trust and patience. Porters The Jilting of Granny Weatherall present the main character, Ellen Weatheral, also called Granny Weatheral, as a sick eighty-year-old woman who has been through up and down of life and now laying on her dying bed. On this last day of her life, flashes of memories [squeezes] out from her heart-both to satisfy and to frustrate her (Kennedy 82). Porter moves back and forth freely from the present realities to the past memories without visible time boundaries and confuses readers so that to show the confusions in the Granny Weathers mind. As the title itself foreshadow, Granny Weatherall had been jilted. Sixty years before, she was being left alone at the altar sweating inside a white veil and in front of an untouched white cake (82). By then her husband to be, George, did not show up at all. The feeling of being jilted was so devastating and it has been affecting her throughout her lifetime. However, as time passes, she is able to go through changes that to some extent heal parts of her wounded vanity. Even if he is not alive today, she wishes to let George knows that she is given back everything he took away and more' (83). Somehow, she is satisfied in her accomplishments in life. After he jilted her, she married another man called John and bore four children with him. Even though John died at a younger age, she was successful to raises the children alone. She fantasizes the memories and [wishes] the old days were back again with the children young and everything to be done over (81). Some twenty years before, she was assuming of dying soon. However, death had never come by. Now, at the time she less think of it and unprepared for it, it comes to her as an endless mass of darkness. Even thought she hates the surprise, she believes that she has already secured a straight road to God (84). Her life, as a dot of light in the bottomless of the darkness, is waiting sign from God so that to be taken to heaven. God might be late or does not come at all. Nevertheless, Granny Weatherall, as a person who had been jilted before, has no courage to withstand the feeling and to wait. She once again feels being jilted. However, this time it is by what she value most and theres nothing more cruel than this-[she]ll never forgive it' (85). With this break of the promise of eternal life, her self-importance become permanently lost and she decide to end her life by blowing out the spot light. On the second story, the Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne presented a young man called Young Goodman Brown who is newly married with a young woman, called Faith. Hawthorne used such symbolic naming so that to magnify the roles of the characters. The story opens with Young Goodman Brown leaving to a forest at night with a curious evil purpose -a mysterious journey to see the devil (420). When he leaves home, he feels sad for abandoning Faith at night and promises for himself that this will be for once and for all. However, what he is going to experience at this night would change him far more than what he imagined. While Brown fearfully hurries into the forest, he encounters an old man who seems the devil himself. Soon after, Brown feels bad and begins cursing himself for being the first to participate in such wickedness in his family line, whom he assumed them as a race of honest men and good Christians' (421). The traveler argues by evidencing himself as collaborator of Browns ancestors while they were committing crimes of persecution and genocide. Later on, Brown noticed an old woman, who had thought him catechism as youth and who currently is his counselor, proceeding into the darkness. Even though this tempted him for a while, he realizes that this womans choice to ruin her life has nothing to do with him and decides to stop to move forward-hoping to return home. However, before long he hears horses riders and recognize the voices of the minister and Deacon Gookin, discussing about the exciting meeting and the attractive young woman they are going to see (424). Even later, he recognized th e voices of his villages peoples whom he presumes them as good peoples. The whole thing shocked him to death! However, even with all these, he is still determined to resist the wicked: [with] heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil!' (424). Nevertheless, after a while he hears the voice of his dear Faith and sees the pink ribbon, which was in her head when he left home, flying down to the tree in the forest. This collapses him; he loses his trust in humankind completely and acknowledges, [there] is no good on earth' (425). This is the turning point where he rejects the vanities of the world and his moral code becomes completely paralyzed. In resentment and grief, he rushes to the congregation. At some point after he reached, when he was not able to find Faith there, he was hoping that his backsliding would heal. Yet, the one look at his pale wife makes the change irreversible (428). This fearful experience, whether it was dream or reality, make him to lead a distrustful and gloomy life afterwards. Lastly, in her story, Sweat, Hurston present the main character, Delia John, as a suppressed and exploited washerwoman who is married to an oppressive husband, Skyes Johns. Even if she has been in this abusive relationship for fifteen year, they had different expectations from the beginning: [she] had brought love to the union and he had brought a longing after the flesh (531). Throughout their life together, he has been mistreating her both physically and mentally, wasting her money and cheating frequently on her. However, still she is trying to cope with the situation by neglecting him and by [avoiding] the villagers and meeting places in her efforts to be blind and deaf(534) Even if she tried to bring peace back piece many times, he refused to do so as he has now another intention. Now, he wants to throw out Delia as sugar-cane' and lives with another woman at Delias house (533). While he knew that she has an extreme fear for snake, thinking it would help him to push her out, he allows a rattlesnake to stay at the house. One time, when she complains that she is starving, as she is not able to go to the kitchen for fear of the snake, he affirms her that he has no plan to get rid of the snake at all. At that moment, her love to him grow blurred-Ah hate you tuh de same degree dat Ah useter love yuh. Ah done took an took till mah belly is full up tuh mah neck.'(535) However, it seems that he is not yet thrown out completely. She still hopes that he might feel regretful: [perhaps] he was sorry (536). On the next day, while she comes home with relaxed mood from church and after she began working inside the house, she finds out that the snake is inside. Frightened to death, she is manages to escape and to lie on the barn of the house. While she is there, coherent thought comes toward her mind and she begins to make self-examinations (536). She realizes that, her life is now endangered and it is vivid that Skyes wants to kill her. She also becomes conscious that, it is futile to fight for this unfortunate marriage and there will nothing she will regret about: Well, Ah done de bes Ah could. If things aint right, Gawd knows taint mah fault' (536). After that, Skyes entered to the house and attached by the snake. As she is already utterly broken and wounded, even though she can hear his horrible screams, she does not have the gut to help. Even at the end, she rather wants him to realize she had been there the whole time he was being attached. These three stories are similar in that they all have a turning point in which the main characters totally wounded their vanity. However, each was used for different purposes. Porter used that point to conclude the story as a loser, Nathaniel for brining permanent behaviors changes and Hurston for ending suppressions and miseries.

The Myth of Sisyphus :: Myths Greek Essays

The Myth of Sisyphus The gods had condemned Sisyphus to ceaselessly rolling a rock to the top of a mountain, whence the stone would fall back of its own weight. They had thought with some reason that there is no more dreadful punishment than futile and hopeless labor. If one believes Homer, Sisyphus was the wisest and most prudent of mortals. According to another tradition, however, he was disposed to practice the profession of highwayman. I see no contradiction in this. Opinions differ as to the reasons why he became the futile laborer of the underworld. To begin with, he is accused of a certain levity in regard to the gods. He stole their secrets. Aegina, the daughter of Aesopus, was carried off by Jupiter. The father was shocked by that disappearance and complained to Sisyphus. He, who knew of the abduction, offered to tell about it on condition that Aesopus would give water to the citadel of Corinth. To the celestial thunderbolts he preferred the benediction of water. He was punished for this in the underworld. Homer tells us also that Sisyphus had put Death in chains. Pluto could not endure the sight of his deserted, silent empire. He dispatched the god of war, who liberated Death from the hands of the conqueror. It is said also that Sisyphus, being near to death, rashly wanted to test his wife's love. He ordered her to cast his unburied body into the middle of the public square. Sisyphus woke up in the underworld. And there, annoyed by an obedience so contrary to human love, he obtained from Pluto permission to return to earth in order to chastise his wife. But when he had seen again the face of this world, enjoyed water and sun, warm stones and the sea, he no longer wanted to go back to the infernal darkness. Recalls, signs of anger, warnings were of no avail. Many years more he lived facing the curve of the gulf, the sparkling sea, and the smiles of the earth. A decree of the gods was necessary. Mercury came and seized the impudent man by the collar and, snatching him from his joys, led him forcibly back to the underworld, where his rock was ready for him. You have already grasped that Sisyphus is the aburd hero. He is,as much through his passions as through his torture. His scorn of the gods, his hatred of death, and his passion for life won him that unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing.

Mother Teresa :: essays research papers

Matt Miller   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3-15-00 Mr. Thorp Morality Per. A Mother Teresa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mother Teresa was a powerful woman with her missions and countless acts of mercy. Powerful leaders in our world today should learn from Mother Teresa and her countless acts of mercy, which she performed. Often men and women in powerful positions misuse their strengths simply for their own personal benefit. Mother Teresa is a perfect example of a modern day saint. Through her love and guidance of Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa proves to be savior. Now if you compare Mother Teresa to some of today’s wealthy politics and the way they conduct themselves, you will see a great contrast between to two. Mother Teresa does not work out of the intent to profit but instead out of her love to help others, like no other women our society has seen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mother Teresa used her power of love from God to help those in desperate need. Mother Teresa didn’t get paid for anything she did nor would she except money from organizations or donations. It was not like Mother Teresa had an overwhelming amount of money but she was simply a person who devoted her entire life to serving others and helping those in need. Many people may not have noticed it, but all Mother Teresa had to do was touch a person and that was almost enough. She helped thousands of people in poor countries with ailing diseases, but most importantly see touched the souls of common men. She made even the rich and selfish take a deep look into their lives, which brought out the best in everyone. When one person can captivate the world as she could, it makes you realize how very important she really was. It was not always what she did, but rather how she conducted herself while doing it. For all the many deeds she did, she never once asked for anythin g in return. Most leaders today are very selfish and are only contributing to society when they feel it looks good for their image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leaders such as Mother Teresa should be highly respected for their accomplishments. It is people like Mother Teresa who give us all a new meaning to life. She truly proved that one person can really make a difference in the lives of millions. Mother Teresa set examples for future generations to continue her work. This shows how much of an impact she truly had.

One Child Policy in China

What is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied. People would have suffered from famine, death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China.On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and why it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy.The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate. Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The sufficient nature resource is a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize.As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†. As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children.It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation. Most single children are unable to care for their older adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives.Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and  having babies. In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are still st ruggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from 1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Child Polic y suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chinese hist ory.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021One Child Policy in Chi naWhat is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied.People would have suffered from famine,  death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China. On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and w hy it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy. The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate.Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The  sufficient nature resource i s a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize. As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†.As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children. It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation.Most single children are unable to care for their old er adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives. Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and having babies.In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are st ill struggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from  1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Ch ild Policy suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chi nese history.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021

Spina Bifida Research Paper

Spina Bifida A type of birth defect that affects the skeletal system is Spina Bifida. Spina Bifida is a nueral tube defect that occurs when the bones of the spine or the vertebrae do not form accurately around the spinal cord. In severe cases it can inhibit a persons walking or daily activities. There are three basic forms of Spina Bifida. The mildest form is Occulta, the next would be Meningocele and the most severe is Myelomeningocele. (http://www. uptodate. com/contents/overview-of-the-management-of-myelomeningocele-spina-bifida 2012) Myelomeningocele is the case that affects the skeletal system the most.With this, the nerves in the spine protrude out of the spinal canal and a bulge in the skin may appear. If nerves become damaged, there may be a high chance that there could be problems with walking, coordination and bowel and bladder control. The exact cause of Spina Bifida is not known. (Foti 2012) Some say that it could be genetic and is more likely to happen in women that are obese and have diabetes. Symptoms that may indicate that a child has Spina Bifida, include, a curve in the spine, nerves coming out of the back and swelling of the spine.Also, the child will have nerve damage, which can mean that they will have little or no feeling in the legs, feet and or arms. (http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/spina-bifida/DS00417 2012) Another indicator could be a build up of fluid in the brain. Spinal deformity occurs most frequently in patients with Myelomeningocele. It can manifest as kyphosis, scoliosis or lordosis. Most children diagnosed with Spina Bifida also have an allergy to latex. (http://www. everydayhealth. com/health-center/spina-bifida-symptoms. aspx 2012) The diagnosis for Spina Bifida is usually determined by a blood test that a woman has during pregnancy.Most people find out that their child has this defect before he or she is born. If it is not determined before birth, it may be diagnosed by how the baby’s back looks and as they get to the pint of where they should start crawling and standing. You will be able to notice how the weekness in the muscle and bones are. Children that are born wih Spina Bifida may also have mental disabilities as well because it affects the brain just as much as it affects the spine and nerves. (http://www. spinabifidaassociation. org/site/c. evKRI7OXIoJ8H/b. 8029563/k. 83B2/

Education For Life Essay

The basic purpose of a liberal arts education is to liberate the human being to exercise his or her potential to the fullest. Liberal arts plays an important role in developing individuals and the world. When students attend liberal art colleges, they will understand the essence of humanity and will learn to shape and develop personal values. For a person to develop, he needs to understand the essence of humanity. When you attend college, your view on the meaning of life changes. You live for your minds and spirits and not just for the security of material wealth (Urbanek). You start to do things related to your work as this is your interest. This will make you care less about material wealth and you will focus more on the benefit of the world than the benefit of yourself. Liberal arts means arts of freedom. People learn about things that interest them. This makes the experience of learning better. Students will recognize the value of material things for what they are (Urbanek). They will start challenging tasks of design where they would learn how to translate ideas into actions. They will get to know the depth, flexibility and openness of their thinking and will also be able to recognize the importance of their thinking. Taking these ideas into consideration, I can say that liberal arts teaches people global responsibility, social awareness and self development, which is the essence of humanity. Thus, when the essence of humanity is known, then only a person will be able to acquire personal values. The value of liberal arts was appreciated by the students in older times but contemporary students do not share the same sentiment. In 1900, 70 percent of college students in US attended liberal arts colleges but today fewer that 5 percent do. The idea has taken hold by educators that todays youth are more materialistic, less idealistic and more self interested than their predecessors (Richard). In 1997, Yankelovitch survey focused on high school students and their parents, found that 85 percent of the high school students and 74 percent of their parents stated that the goal of college is to get a practical education and to secure a job. Furthermore, only 14 percent of the students and 27percent of their parents were even familiar with what a liberal art education is. Todays students tend to be career oriented, impatient and focused in material rewards (Kahn). People do not  know that liberal arts can offer a clearer understanding that work embodies the values of courage, honour and responsibility. Liberal art colleges expose you to a variety of academic disciplines and an excellent background for future work. The education gives you the ability to adapt to a changing environment, communicate effectively, think critically and solve complex problems, which can prove very useful in everyday lives. As you acquire personal values throughout your college years, it is important to learn how to shape these values. I believe that the central purpose of liberal arts education is to shape the values of people. The impact of liberal arts education on student value change is conclusive in determining whether higher education is effective in achieving this central purpose. According to a survey conducted at the University of California at Los Angeles, 8 out of 10 academics said they were spiritual, and 64 percent called themselves religious. More than half of the faculty members said that it was important to enhance undergraduates’ self-understanding and to develop their moral character and values. I think liberal arts is a great way to teach people their spiritual and moral responsibilities towards the community and world itself. Humanitarian values are defined by acceptance of value equivalency between ones own loyalties and those of all other individuals and groups, as well as respecting the rights of others to freely express similar claims and loyalties without infringement (Hollway). Values serve as guiding principles in the life of a person or other social entity and thus, it is important for people to learn how to shape these values. Values are described as serving the interests of some social entity, motivating action, giving direction, and having emotional intensity (Hollway). Therefore, these values are needed for the development of individuals. When individuals possess these values, they will be able to use them in their society. Employers around the world are looking for people who possess these values and have the ability to use them. Hence, liberal arts students will satisfy these employers. These students will also find opportunities to learn more as their primary goal is not material wealth. This will help countries to better their economy. These values will benefit the students themselves as well as the world. Once a person understands the essence of humanity and learns to shape and develop values, he will be able to make changes to the world. Liberal arts students have the skills to become valuable community members. They make decisions, solve problems and communicate the solutions to others. Liberal arts prepares these students to be successful throughout their life. WORKS CITED Urbanek, Jennifer. The EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Kahn, Beverly. Co-opting The Market Place. Journal of Higher Education: p.19. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Richard, M. The Practical Path, Too, Can Be High-Minded. Chronicle of Higher Education: p.11. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Hollway, Michael. A Comparison of the Impact of 2 Liberal Arts. Journal of General Education: p.237. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007